Pasar Obligasi Inggris Kacau Balau, Alarm Krisis Menyala?

Krisis Energi, Fitch Ratings Proyeksi Eropa & Inggris Resesi Berjamaah
Krisis Energi, Fitch Ratings Proyeksi Eropa & Inggris Resesi Berjamaah

HALOPOS.ID – Pasar surat utang pemerintah Inggris atau lazim di sebut gilts sedang kacau balau oleh aksi panik jual oleh para investor utama mereka, industri dana pensiun.

Tingkat imbal hasil atau yield gilts acuan 10 tahun meroket ke 4,439% pada perdagangan Selasa (11/10/September). Level tertinggi yang pernah dijumpai hanya pada tsunami krisis suprime mortgage Amerika Serikat, September 2008 dan memporakporandakan finansial global.

Yield gilt itu mengangkasa lebih dari 800% sejak awal tahun, dari semula hanya 0,473%. Arah gerak yield berlaku kebalikan dengan harga.

Ini sama saja artinya dengan kehilangan semua keuntungan lebih dari satu dekade. Tidak heran, dana pensun negeri Raja Charles itu berlomba-lomba untuk secepatnya melego gilts, agar tak masuk dalam lubang kerugian yang lebih dalam. Mereka ramai-ramai beralih ke aset yang lebih likuid, atau uang tunai.

Pasar gilts seukuran nyaris dengan total utang pemerintah Inggris, sebesar lebih dari 2 triliun poundsterling, atau setara hampir 34 ribu triliun dalam mata uang rupiah (Rp16.865/GBP). Dari total gilt itu, bayangkan, separuhnya dibeli dan dimiliki industri dana pensiun.

Kalau di Indonesia, aturan mainnya, bila yield seri acuan 10 tahun naik 10% atau 1.000 basis poin dalam sehari, maka krisis sudah.

Sementara, Bank sentral Inggris (Bank of England) yang tengah melakukan langkah penyelamatan besar-besaran terhadap dana pensiun bilang, ada disfungsi pada produk pasar index-linked gilt yang menyebabkan “risiko material” pada stabilitas Inggris.

Index-linked gilts atau juga biasa disebut obligasi Inflasi adalah surat utang yang tingkat kupon dan pembayaran nilai pokoknya mengacu pada pergerakan inflasi. Dalam kasus gilts, mengacu pada pergerakan Indeks umum harga ritel (GIRP).

BoE sudah menyiapkan dana hingga GBP40 miliar untuk membeli gilts tenor jangka panjang, guna meredam aksi panik jual dan menyelamatkan dana pensiun yang berhubungan dengan lansia warga Inggris ini. Namun, sejauh ini mereka baru membeli gilts setara GBP5 miliar.

Langkah BoE tidak memadamkan api ketakutan para fund manager dana pensiun, efeknya hanya sesaat. Analis pasar umumnya sepakat, volatilitas akan terus terjadi di pasar gilts sampai beberapa pekan ke depan, paling tidak sampai Menteri Keuangan Kwasi Kwarteng mengumumkan arah kebijakan fiskal jangka menengah pada 31 Oktober mendatang.

Bertambah Panik Oleh Ancaman BoE “Deadline Tiga Hari”

Kepanikan pasar kini justru bertambah oleh pernyataan Gubernur BoE Andrew Bailey, kemarin di Washington, AS. Bailey pada Selasa malam mengatakan, dia memberi waktu tiga hari ke depan kepada dana pensiun Inggris dan investor yang terpukul oleh bearsih pasar obligasi untuk memperbaiki masalahnya, sebelum bank sentral mencabut dukungan di pasar.

“Pesan saya kepada aset terkait, dan semua pihak yang terlibat pada pengelolaan dana: Anda punya waktu tiga hari lagi. Anda harus menyelesaikan semua ini,” ujarnya, ujarnya seperti di kutip Reuters.

Pernyataan Bos BoE ini hanya berselang tiga jam setelah pernyataan fenomenal adanya “risiko material” pada produk Index-linked gilts bagi sektor keuangan Inggris. Dia juga menegaskan, BoE akan keluar dari pasar akhir pekan ini. “Kami kira, rebalancing harus segera diselesaikan.”

Pasar langsung bereaksi negatif atas komentar Bailey. Poundterling memperparah pelemahan hingga lebih dari 4% sejak awal bulan, nyungsep ke GBP1.0965 per dolar AS.

Selain gilt, BoE untuk sementara juga menghentikan penjualan obligasi korporasi Inggris, yang menjadi alarm, ada masalah serius dan lebih luas di pasar keuangan Inggris sekarang.

Sementara, Kepala ekonom Dana Moneter Internasional (IMF) Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas memberi ungkapan yang “nylekit” atas pelbagai keputusan kontroversial Menkeu Inggris setelah berkantor di Downing Street.

Katanya, dorongan Kwarteng untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Inggris dan upaya BoE untuk mengendalikan inflasi, mirip dengan orang yang mencoba mengarahkan mobil ke arah yang berbeda. “Itu tidak akan bekerja dengan baik,” katanya dalam konferensi pers.

Editor: Herwan

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