Suku Bunga Acuan BI Diramal Naik Lagi Pekan Ini, 25-50 Bps!

HALOPOS.ID|JAKARTA – Bank Indonesia (BI) diperkirakan akan menaikkan suku bunga acuan BI 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate (BI7DRR) pada pekan ini. Lonjakan inflasi akibat kenaikan harga Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) Subsidi dan tren kenaikan suku bunga di tingkat global menjadi pertimbangan BI untuk mengerek BI7DRR.

Gubernur Perry Warjiyo dan anggota Anggota Dewan Gubernur lain dijadwalkan menggelar Rapat Dewan Gubernur (RDG) September 2022 pada Rabu dan Kamis (21-22 September 2022).

Konsensus pasar yang dihimpun CNBC Indonesia memproyeksikan BI akan menaikkan suku bunga acuan pada bulan ini. Dari 14 institusi yang terlibat dalam pembentukan konsensus tersebut, semuanya kompak memperkirakan kubu MH Thamrin akan menaikkan suku bunga acuan.

Sebanyak 12 lembaga/institusi memperkirakan bank sentral akan mengerek BI7DRR sebesar 25 basis points (bps) menjadi 4,00% sementara dua lembaga/institusi memproyeksi kenaikan BI7DRR sebesar 50 bps menjadi 4,25%.

Sebagai catatan, BI secara mengejutkan menaikkan suku bunga acuan sebesar 25 bps menjadi 3,75% pada Agustus 2022. Kenaikan tersebut adalah yang pertama sejak November 2018 atau dalam 44 bulan.

Ekonom DBS Radhika Rao juga mengatakan BI perlu menaikkan suku bunga untuk menjaga ekspektasi inflasi. Ekspektasi inflasi diperkirakan meningkat setelah pemerintah menaikkan harga BBM Subsidi pada 2 September lalu.

Inflasi umum Indonesia menembus 4,64% (year on year/yoy) sementara inflasi inti tercatat 3,04% (yoy). Inflasi inti (yoy) adalah yang tertinggi sejak November 2019 (3,08%).

Concern terbesar saat ini adalah dampak lanjutan dari kenaikan harga BBM ke inflasi. Kenaikan suku bunga lebih untuk menjaga ekspektasi inflasi dalam negeri dan bukan hanya untuk mengikuti tren kenaikan suku bunga global,” tutur Radhika dalam laporannya Macro Insights Weekly: Can the global Economy Handle Positive Real Rates

Seperti diketahui, pemerintah telah menaikkan harga BBM Pertalite, Pertamax, dan Solar pada 2 September lalu. Harga BBM jenis RON 90 atau Pertalite naik dari Rp 7.650/liter menjadi Rp 10.000/liter. Sementara itu, harga minyak diesel atau Solar naik dari Rp 5.150/liter ke Rp 6.800/liter.

Kenaikan harga BBM diyakini akan melambungkan inflasi baik melalui dampak langsung dan dampak lanjutan mulai dari kenaikan harga transportasi hingga ongkos produksi.

Gubernur BI Perry Warjiyo, bulan lalu, memperkirakan kenaikan harga BBM bisa melambungkan inflasi hingga 5,2%, jauh di atas target BI di kisaran 2-4%. Inflasi inti diperkirakan akan mencapai 4,15%.

Sementara itu, Kementerian Keuangan memperkirakan inflasi pada akhir tahun 2022 akan mencapai 6,6-6,8%. Sejumlah lembaga juga memperkirakan inflasi Indonesia akan melambung hingga di atas 7% akibat kenaikan harga BBM Subsidi.

Secara historis, BI selalu menaikkan suku bunga acuan pada saat terjadi kenaikan harga BBM Subsidi. Pada 2013 dan 2014, bank sentral RI tersebut bahkan sudah mengerek suku bunga sebelum kebijakan kenaikan harga BBM diumumkan.

Misalnya,  BI akhirnya memutuskan untuk menaikkan BI Rate sebesar 25 bps pada 13 Juni 2013 atau sebelum kenaikan harga BBM pada 22 Juni 2013.  Pada 18 November 2014, BI  menaikkan suku bunga acuan sebesar 25 bps atau bertepatan dengan berlakunya harga baru BBM Subsidi pada 18 November 2014.

Head of Economic & Research UOB Indonesia Enrico Tanuwidjaja mengatakan ada kemungkinan BI menaikkan suku bunga acuan sebesar 50 bps pada pekan ini.

Kenaikan suku bunga 50 bps dimungkinkan jika bank sentral Amerika Serikat (AS) The Federal Reserve (The Fed) menaikkan suku bunga acuan sebesar 100 bps pada pekan ini.

Dia mengingatkan BI perlu menjaga spread atau selisih antara suku bunga acuan dalam negeri dan AS terjaga untuk menjaga appetite investor.

The Fed menaikkan suku bunga 100 bps artinya spreadnya menjadi sangat thinning terhadap BI rate sehingga frontloading kemungkinan terjadi (kenaikan) 50 bps semakin tinggi,” ujar Enrico dalam Power Lunch, dikutip Rabu, (21/09/2022)

The Fed akan mengumumkan kebijakan kenaikan suku bunga pada Rabu waktu Amerika Serikat atau Kamis dini hari waktu Indonesia.

Jika mengacu pada alat ukur FedWatch, pasar memprediksikan peluang sebanyak 80% bahwa The Fed akan menaikkan suku bunga sebesar 75 bps menjadi 3%-3,25%. Sementara 20% lainnya memproyeksikan The Fed akan lebih agresif lagi dengan menaikkan suku bunga sebesar 100 bps menjadi 3,25%-3,5%.

Selain The Fed, Bank of England (BOE) dan Swiss National Bank (SNB) juga akan menggelar pertemuan moneter pada Kamis pekan ini di mana mereka diperkirakan akan menaikkan suku bunga.

Kenaikan suku bunga di tingkat global ini juga diperkirakan akan menjadi pertimbangan Bank Indonesia dalam menentukan suku bunga acuan pada Kamis pekan ini.

Dengan BI7DRR yang lebih tinggi, capital outflow diharapkan juga bisa ditekan karena aset domestik seperti Surat Berharga Negara (SBN) atau rupiah masih menarik.

Berdasarkan data transaksi awal tahun hingga 15 September 2022, investor asing mencatatkan net sell sekitar Rp 141,14 triliun di pasar SBN dan beli neto Rp 74,32 triliun di pasar saham.

“Ketidakpastian global dan lonjakan inflasi akibat kenaikan harga BBM akan membuat real rate return aset berdenominasi rupiah semakin jatuh ke zona merah. Insentif bagi investor asing untuk masuk ke pasar keuangan dalam negeri semakin rendah,” tutur ekonom BCA Barra Kukuh Mamia dalam laporannya FX Reserves: Can’t Fight the Fed.

Barra memperkirakan BI akan menaikkan suku bunga acuan sebesar 75-100 bps hingga akhir 2022. (**)

Editor: Herwan

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